Lung cancer is a formidable adversary, claiming countless lives each year. Enhancing public awareness about this disease is crucial. Awareness of lung cancer is essential for saving lives. By understanding the disease, its risk factors, and the importance of early detection, we can work towards a future where lung cancer is no longer a leading cause of death.

Tobacco smoking is the primary risk factor for lung cancer in India, contributing to a significant proportion of cases. However, exposure to environmental pollutants, occupational hazards, and genetic factors also play crucial roles in the development of this disease.

Risk Factors and Prevention

Understanding the risk factors associated with lung cancer is vital for promoting prevention and early detection. Major risk factors include:

1. Tobacco Use: Cigarette smoking is the leading cause of lung cancer, responsible for about 85% of all cases. Quitting smoking is the most effective way to reduce the risk.
2. Secondhand Smoke: Exposure to secondhand smoke also increases the risk of developing lung cancer.
3. Environmental and Occupational Exposures: Prolonged exposure to asbestos, radon gas, and other hazardous substances can elevate the risk of lung cancer.
4. Genetic Predisposition: Family history and genetic factors can contribute to an individual’s susceptibility to lung cancer.

The Importance of Early Detection and Screening

Early cancer detection and screening play a crucial role in improving lung cancer outcomes. Here are some key points highlighting their significance:

1. Early Detection Saves Lives: Early detection of lung cancer leads to better treatment outcomes and higher survival rates. When lung cancer is diagnosed at an early stage, before it has spread to other parts of the body, there is a higher chance of successful treatment and potential cure.
2. Screening Programs for High-Risk Individuals: For individuals at high risk of developing lung cancer, such as heavy smokers and those with a family history of the disease, regular screening programs are recommended. Low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) scans are commonly used for early detection in high-risk populations.
3. Importance of Smoking Cessation: Encouraging smoking cessation is not only a preventive measure but also a way to enable early detection. Former smokers should be aware of their heightened risk for lung cancer and participate in screening programs to detect any potential abnormalities at an early stage.
4. Public Awareness Campaigns: Raising awareness about the importance of early cancer detection through public campaigns can encourage people to seek medical attention promptly if they experience any concerning symptoms or fall into high-risk categories.
5. Recognizing Warning Signs: Educating the public about common lung cancer symptoms, such as persistent cough, chest pain, shortness of breath, hoarseness, unexplained weight loss, and coughing up blood, can prompt individuals to seek medical evaluation if they experience these signs.
6. Access to Healthcare: Improving access to healthcare services and diagnostic facilities is crucial for early detection. Efforts should be made to ensure that people, especially those in remote or underserved areas, have access to screening and diagnostic resources.
7. Combining Screening with Preventive Measures: Early detection should be complemented with preventive measures. Promoting a healthy lifestyle, avoiding tobacco products, and minimizing exposure to environmental pollutants can help reduce the risk of developing lung cancer.
8. Research and Technological Advancements: Continued research in the field of lung cancer detection and screening is essential to develop better and more accurate screening methods, leading to earlier diagnosis and improved patient outcomes.

By addressing these risk factors and emphasizing the importance of early detection, we can improve lung cancer outcomes in India and reduce the burden of this devastating disease. Public awareness, healthcare access, and preventive measures are all critical components in the fight against lung cancer.

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BENGALURU: Intake of tobacco (both smoked and smokeless forms) accounts for 21% of total cancer deaths worldwide, including those from lung cancer. Non-smokers can still be at risk for lung cancer due to several factors, even though smoking is the leading cause. Air pollution in various forms poses a significant risk to them. This was said by Dr. Radheshyam Naik, Consultant Medical Oncologist, Hematologist, and Bone Marrow Transplant Physician at Sammprada Hospital, Bengaluru, ahead of World Lung Day.

Dr. Radheshyam Naik: “While the risk of lung cancer is lower for non-smokers than for smokers, they should still be aware of non-tobacco risk factors and take steps to minimize their exposure. This is especially important considering the rising incidence of lung cancer among people who have never smoked. Long-term exposure to polluted air increases the risk of lung cancer. A critical component of air pollution includes airborne particulate matter of different sizes which are a result of combustion from various sources. Motor vehicle emissions contain many human carcinogens like diesel exhaust, benzene, polyaromatic hydrocarbons, and dioxin.”

The doctor said long-term occupational exposure can happen from diesel and gasoline exhaust, inhalable dust like metals and silica, and working in areas like mining, foundries, truck transportation, carbon black production, and asphalt. This increases the risk of lung cancer for non-smokers.

Dr. Radheshyam Naik added: “The residual risk of developing lung cancer is also significant among former smokers. Ongoing research reports a favorable response to chemoprevention among former smokers when compared with current smokers. Alcohol consumption contributes to 4% of all cancers worldwide, which includes lung cancer.”

Household air pollution is a result of the burning of solid fuels, passive smoking, and inadequate ventilation systems. “In the Indian context, since many women tend to work from within their homes and cook very frequently, the exposure at home has a strong impact on their lung health compared with males. When contrasted with clean energy, the coal furnace which is used as a means of domestic heating in rural areas is associated with twice the risk of lung cancer,” he said.

The doctor said that it is important for physicians in India to be trained to recognize the symptoms of lung cancer early. “According to research studies from South India, less than 50% of doctors suspect lung cancer when a patient presents to them with symptoms. Evidence shows that among Indian lung cancer patients, there exists a delay of about 100 days between developing symptoms and the diagnosis of lung cancer. This duration extends by another 26 days for receiving proper treatment. A higher index of clinical suspicion should be exercised by physicians in India among those at risk for lung cancer,” Dr. Radheshyam Naik.

Low-dose spiral CT scanning provides a tool for early detection of lung cancer, as a complete image of the thorax can be obtained during a single hold of breath. It is important to develop lung cancer clinics in hospitals which will enable the appropriate diagnosis and treatment of lung cancer, he added.

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Dr. Radheshyam Naik, Consultant Medical Oncologist & Hematologist at Sammprada Multi-speciality Hospital commented, “Over 80% of lung cancers are related to tobacco smoking in its various forms. The risk increases with the duration of smoking and the number of cigarettes one smokes per day. Early-age smoking raises the risk substantially. Exposure to carcinogens like asbestos, in addition to smoking, also increases the risk of lung cancer several-fold. Other important risk factors include passive smoking which accounts for 5% of lung cancers. Pollution from traffic and burning fossil fuels indoors for cooking also cause lung cancer, especially among non-smokers.”

Dr. Shivacharan P.V., Consultant Medical oncologist said, “The incidence of lung cancer is 5.6 in 100,000 population. It accounts for 5.9% of all cancers and 8% of all cancer-related deaths. Lung cancer is traditionally the disease of the 4^th and 5^th decade of life. The highest proportion of cases is recorded in the age group of 55 to 64 years. About 20-25 % of lung cancer patients survive for 5 years or more, while only 10-15% survive for 10 years or more. The associated morbidity and mortality can be reduced by early diagnosis.”

Dr. Vinod K Ramani, Preventive Oncologist at Sammprada Multi-speciality Hospital shared, “Most cases of lung cancer are diagnosed in Stages III and IV when it is already in an advanced state. Only 20-30% of patients get diagnosed in Stages 1 and II. There are several reasons for this.”

Dr.Vishwajeeth Pai, Consultant  Medical oncologist added, “A proportion of smokers have chronic bronchitis which is difficult to differentiate from cancer, and hence they present themselves late to a doctor. Many cases of lung cancer get mistaken for tuberculosis initially. There is also reluctance among Indians to get screened for cancer regularly.”

Talking about the main challenges in the treatment of lung cancer, Dr. Varun Kumar, Consultant Radiation Oncologist at Sammprada Multi-speciality Hospital, said: “Many lung cancer patients are smokers, alcoholics or elderly people, with compromised lungs, liver, and heart. The toxicity associated with therapy can be substantial and many patients are unable to tolerate it. The cost of therapy, especially of newer treatments like immune therapy, targeted therapy, and anti-angiogenic treatment, can also be an issue for many patients. The efficacy of therapy is reduced if the patient seeks treatment in advanced stages of the disease. Many patients are addicted to tobacco and continue their smoking habit even during treatment.”

Dr Ajay GV, Consultant Radiation Oncologist at Sammprada Multi-speciality Hospital remarked “To effectively tackle the challenge of lung cancer, there should be regular screening of smokers supported by quit-smoking programs organized by the government and civil society. There also needs to be a change in attitude of physicians who should treat every patient with lung problems as a potential cancer patient.”

The post Uncovering The Alarming Rise Of Lung Cancer Among Women And Young People appeared first on NRI News.

An incentive spirometer is a medical device used to help patients improve the functioning of their lungs. It’s particularly useful in situations where lung capacity and function may be impaired, such as after surgery or during prolonged bed rest. The device consists of a breathing tube, an air chamber, and sometimes, a visual indicator to provide feedback and encouragement to the user.

Whom is it Recommended For?

Incentive spirometry is often recommended for patients who have recently undergone surgeries, especially abdominal or chest surgeries, to prevent postoperative pulmonary complications. It’s also beneficial for patients with lung diseases like chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), pneumonia, or asthma, as it aids in keeping the lungs active and free from fluid accumulation.

How Does an Incentive Spirometer Work?

The device operates on a simple principle: it encourages the patient to take slow, deep breaths. By inhaling through the device, the patient lifts a piston or ball inside the chamber. This action helps the user gauge their inhalation efforts and encourages them to inhale deeply and slowly, thereby expanding the lungs and improving the respiratory muscles.

Does it Help Keep Your Lungs Healthy?

Yes, regular use of an incentive spirometer can have several benefits for lung health. It aids in clearing any accumulation of secretions in the lungs, improves pulmonary function, reduces the risk of atelectasis (collapse of part or all of a lung), and enhances oxygenation. For postoperative patients, it’s a vital tool in preventing lung infections like pneumonia.

Are There Any Cons to Using an Incentive Spirometer?

Generally, incentive spirometry is considered safe. However, incorrect use can lead to problems such as hyperventilation, dizziness, or shortness of breath. The device must be used as directed by a healthcare professional. Patients with certain conditions like pneumothorax (collapsed lung) should not use the device unless advised by a doctor.

Proper Way to Use an Incentive Spirometer :

Sit or Stand Upright: Proper posture is crucial for effective lung expansion.

Breathe Out Normally: Before using the device, exhale normally.

Seal Your Lips Around the Mouthpiece: Ensure a tight seal to prevent air leakage.

Inhale Slowly and Deeply: Inhale through the mouthpiece, raising the piston or ball in the chamber.

Hold Your Breath: After a deep inhalation, hold your breath for about 5 seconds, or as instructed, to allow the lungs to fully expand.

Exhale Slowly: Remove the mouthpiece and exhale normally.

Repeat: Perform the exercises as prescribed, Incentive spirometry, while seemingly straightforward, plays a significant role in respiratory care, especially in recovery and rehabilitation settings. It empowers patients to actively participate in their healing and lung health maintenance.

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CHENNAI: MGM Healthcare, a multi-specialty quaternary care hospital in the heart of Chennai is proud to announce the successful completion of a high-risk bilateral lung transplantation procedure on the oldest patient in Asia. Leading the complex surgery were Dr. K.R. Balakrishnan, Director – the Institute of Heart and Lung Transplant & Mechanical Circulatory Support, & consultant cardiothoracic and vascular Surgeon MGM Healthcare, Dr. Suresh Rao KG, Co-Director, Institute of Heart and Lung Transplant and Mechanical Circulatory Support  & Consultant Cardio-pulmonary Critical Care medicine at MGM Healthcare and Dr. Apar Jindal, Clinical Director & Consultant, Department of Lung Transplant & Interventional Pulmonology, MGM Healthcare. The 78-year-old patient from Bangalore, battling aspiration pneumonia with severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), was on ventilator support for 15 days and on ECMO support for more than 50 days at a private hospital in Bangalore. He was later referred and brought to MGM Healthcare.

Mr. Santhosh (Name Changed), a resident of Bangalore is a retired mechanical engineer, was staying in California with his family for some time, he had returned to India to attend his niece’s wedding.  He had apparently choked on his food, that same night he had sudden difficulty in breathing while he was asleep. The family took him to a hospital in Bangalore where it was diagnosed that some food particles had gotten into his lungs. His oxygen saturation level was below 40%, he was put on a ventilator, however, his situation did not improve and he had to be initiated on ECMO(Extra Corporeal Membrane Oxygenation). As his lungs did not show any improvement, the hospital could not help any further and his family members shifted him to MGM Healthcare, Chennai. 

After a multi-disciplinary discussion and deliberation, the heart and lung transplant team at MGM Healthcare suggested bilateral lung transplantation. Keeping in mind all the pros and cons of a major procedure, considering the age factor, the experts suggested a lung transplant as the patient was otherwise fit and could endure surgery. Having registered in the state transplant registry for bilateral lung transplantation, the patient underwent the procedure following the availability of a suitable brain-dead donor.

“We are thrilled with the successful outcome of Mr. Santhosh’s (Name changed) high-risk bilateral lung transplantation,” Dr. K.R. Balakrishnan, Director – Institute of Heart and Lung Transplant & Mechanical Circulatory Support, & consultant cardio thoracic and vascular surgeon MGM Healthcare, “Given the patient’s condition and age (78 years), this procedure presented significant challenges. Immediately after surgery, the patient was transferred to the Intensive Care Unit (ICU). Diligent efforts were made to ensure his well-being. Our multidisciplinary team at MGM Healthcare worked tirelessly to provide him with exceptional care. We are immensely proud of his progress; with a remarkable recovery he is ready to be discharged in the coming days.”

Expressing satisfaction with the achievement, Dr. Suresh Rao KG, Co-Director, Institute of Heart & Lung Transplant and Mechanical Circulatory Support & Consultant Cardio-pulmonary Critical Care medicine at MGM Healthcare remarked, “The family had consulted us when there was no hope left for his recovery, so we suggest undergoing a bilateral lung transplant. The family was very supportive and they brought him to Chennai for the surgery. The successful outcome of this high-risk bilateral lung transplantation is a testament to the unwavering commitment and dedication of our healthcare professionals. MGM Healthcare continues to lead the way in performing complex surgeries and organ transplantations, and we are overjoyed to witness such positive results.”

Dr. Apar Jindal, Clinical Director & Consultant, Department of Lung Transplant & Interventional Pulmonology, MGM Healthcare, said, “The success of this intricate surgery highlights the expertise and capabilities of our esteemed medical professionals at MGM Healthcare. Employing advanced and state-of-the-art technologies, coupled with personalized care, our team ensured complete safety and well-being throughout the entire process. We remain fully committed to providing exceptional medical care and pioneering treatments to patients in need.”

As MGM Healthcare celebrates this remarkable milestone, Mr. Harish Manian, CEO of MGM Healthcare, extended his appreciation to the team, “We are immensely proud of the exceptional work carried out by our dedicated healthcare professionals, who consistently strive to push the boundaries of medical excellence. This successful high-risk bilateral lung transplantation exemplifies our unwavering commitment to delivering world-class healthcare services. We remain steadfast in our dedication to offering cutting-edge treatments and transforming lives through our relentless pursuit of medical innovation.”

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